Gerrymandering
Gerrymandering - manipulating the boundaries of an electoral constituency so as to favor one party or class over another.
“How racial gerrymandering deprives black people of political power”
Packing
Cracking
Stacking
Packing
Packing is a redistricting device to concentrate in a single or small number of districts more Black or Hispanic voters than are necessary to have electable Black or Latino districts, in order to prevent the communities of color from winning enough seats to gain a majority of votes on a municipal or county board, or to win enough seats at the state level, to impact the formation and implementation of public policy.
Cracking
Cracking is a redistricting device by which concentrations of Black or Latino voters are divided up or fragmented among several districts or wards, to prevent the community of color from winning enough seats to gain a majority of votes on a municipal or county board, or to win enough seats at the state level, to impact the formation of public policy. This strategy is the opposite of packing.
Stacking
Stacking is a redistricting tactic to concentrate very low income Black or Latino citizens with less education, in the same district with whites with high income and more education to create the illusion of a majority Black or Latino district. Voter turnout is affected by the level of income and education. People with less income and education tend not to vote to the same extent as those with more income and education.
